Evaluation of circulating cell free DNA in plasma as a biomarker of different thyroid diseases

IntroductionMany studies have been done on proteomics, genomics, epigenetic, immunogenetics in many body fluids. Among these, circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) entered the literature in 1948, but it has not been studied for many years due to technological deficiencies. Following recent advances, geno-metastasis has been mentioned and new research is needed in this area. ccfDNA is known to be an important biomolecule in this regard.ObjectiveThe presence of cell-free DNA in the circulatory system may offer a tremendous opportunity to provide novel biomarkers for thyroid diseases. This experimental study was conducted to determine the amount of ccfDNA in different thyroid diseases, then to evaluate whether the ccfDNA concentration varied between the disease groups and control group.MethodsIn total, we included 121 individuals in the present study. We collected blood samples and then determined the ccfDNA concentration in plasma of collected blood samples from three groups: thyroiditis (n = 33), benign (n = 37), and malignant (n = 30) and from a control group (n = 21).ResultsThe median values of the ccfDNA groups were found as 1610, 1665, 1685 and 576 ng/mL for the thyroiditis, benign, malign, and control groups, respectively. Findings showed that the ccfDNA of the three groups was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.0001). Each group was compared in terms of ccfDNA and the p-values of benign-thyroiditis, benign-malign, and thyroiditis-malign were 0.09, 0.65, and 0.29, respectively.ConclusionsThe clear differences between thyroid diseases and controls suggest that ccfDNA is worthy of attention as a biomarker for further evaluation of different thyroid diseases. Likewise, it might indicate a clear tendency that ccfDNA can also be used to distinguish different thyroid diseases.     

促甲状腺素抑制治疗甲状腺癌患者的膳食调查分析

目的 对促甲状腺素(TSH) 抑制治疗期间的分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者进行膳食调查，为对患者进行个性化膳食指导及营养干预研究提供参考依据。方法 从湖南省肿瘤医院甲状腺内科的门诊患者中收集行TSH抑制治疗的DTC患者，根据抑制治疗副作用危险分层标准，收集低、中、高危患者各200例，共600例患者作为研究对象。对所有入选病例进行膳食调查:一年食物摄入频率和3天24小时回顾法膳食调查。结果 TSH抑制治疗的DTC患者整体人群膳食摄入不足且膳食结构不合理；整体人群畜肉类摄入过多，鱼类及水产品、蛋、奶、豆、蔬菜、水果则摄入过少；整体人群脂类、碳水化合物、维生素E摄入量基本达到要求；蛋白质、膳食纤维、钙、铁、锌、硒、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、烟酸摄入明显不足；碘摄入基本符合要求；低、中、高危组膳食摄入不足率分别是21.0%、8.0%、11.5%；中危组畜肉类摄入最多，碘摄入有0.5%的患者超标；高危组牛奶摄入最少。结论 TSH抑制治疗的DTC患者膳食结构不合理及多种营养素摄入不足，在临床工作中应加强对整体人群的营养教育及针对性的干预，以降低TSH抑制治疗对心血管系统及影响骨代谢的风险。     

紧张性头痛患者甲状腺功能改变及其临床意义

目的 探讨紧张性头痛患者甲状腺功能改变及其临床意义。方法 选择2016年1月-2019年6月本院收治的120例紧张性头痛患者作为观察组,选择同时期来本院进行体检的120名健康人作为对照组,比较2组研究对象的一般资料、匹兹堡睡眠指数PSQI评分、汉密尔顿17项抑郁评分、蒙特利尔认知功能MoCA-C评分、疼痛视觉量表VAS评分,检测2组患者血清中促甲状腺激素TSH、总甲状腺素TT4、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸TT3、游离甲状腺素FT4、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸FT3、甲状腺球蛋白抗体TGAb、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体TPOAb水平。结果 2组患者的年龄、性别及受教育年限均无明显差异(P>0.05),观察组PSQI评分、HAMD-17评分、TSH、TPOAb、TGAb水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),MoCA评分、TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),VAS评分与PSQI评分、HAMD-17评分、TSH、TPOAb、TGAb水平呈正相关,与认知功能MoCA评分、TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4水平呈负相关。结论 甲状腺功能低下及自身免疫性损伤与紧张性头痛的发生密切相关,甲状腺激素及相关抗体的检测有助于紧张性头痛的诊断及预后判定     

甲状腺结核临床误诊探讨

目的 通过对甲状腺结核流行病学特点、临床及病理分型、临床表现、辅助检查提高对甲状腺结核的认识,提高该病的术前诊断率.方法回顾性分析2012年12月四川大学华西医院西藏成办分院收治的1例甲状腺结核患者的临床资料.结果 手术行甲状腺右叶峡部切除+左叶近全切除术.术后病理证实为甲状腺结核.结论 甲状腺结核发病率低,临床罕见,提高临床医师对甲状腺结核的认知度是避免误诊的关键.细针穿刺细胞学检查(FNAB),抗酸染色及活检组织培养,这是目前术前诊断甲状腺结核最准确和最有效的方法.     

High-magnitude mechanical strain inhibits the differentiation of bone-forming rat calvarial progenitor cells

Purpose: Orthodontic tooth movement occurs during the bone remodeling induced by therapeutic mechanical strain. It is important to investigate the relation between the strength of mechanical stress and bone formation activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high-magnitude mechanical strain on bone formation in detail.

Materials and methods: Osteoblast-like cells isolated from fetal rat calvariae were loaded with 18% cyclic tension force (TF) for 48?h. To phenotypically investigate the effect of TF, we measured the number and the size of bone nodules stained by von Kossa technique on day 21 after cell seeding and determined the calcium content of bone nodules on day 14. Furthermore, we examined the gene expression of BMP-2, Runx2 and Msx2, which are important factors for bone nodule formation, on days 1, 4 and 7 after TF loading.

Results: The maximum bone nodule size in the control group was 1620 and 719?μm in the TF group. Furthermore, the mean number of bone nodules sized over 360?μm in the TF group was significantly decreased compared to the control group. The calcium content was also significantly decreased to 42% by TF loading. The mRNA expression of BMP-2, Runx2 and Msx2 was decreased 1 and 4 days after TF loading.

Conclusion: The differentiation of bone forming progenitor cells into bone nodule forming cells was inhibited by TF due to the decreased expression of bone formation related factors such as BMP-2, Runx2 and Msx2.     

Analysis of pattern of occurrence of thyroid carcinoma between 2001 and 2010

IntroductionAn ongoing discussion is found in medical literature about the reasons for changes in thyroid carcinoma incidence patterns over the last decades.ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of thyroid carcinoma cases over a decade.MethodsCross-sectional study over an historical cohort. Medical records of 628 thyroid cancer cases in a single center were reviewed. 597 patients were included. Microcarcinoma cases were selected for a qualitative analysis phase, in which medical records were reviewed for better understanding of thyroid nodule and thyroid cancer diagnosis process.ResultsAn increase in the proportion of cases with thyroid cancer diagnosis was observed throughout the decade; new cases were predominantly tumors of less than 2 cm, with histopathological signs of low aggressiveness. There was an increase in proportion of cases with malignant cytological results among microcarcinomas.ConclusionThere is a trend for increase in thyroidectomies due to cancer in this institution, with proportional increment of cases with histopathological characteristics indicative of early disease. Among microcarcinomas, there is an increasing group represented by cancer cases that were not incidentally diagnosed, related to an enhancement in preoperative diagnostic methods.